001
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
At Future Pharma, our research is not focused on conventional, suboptimal supplements, nor on effective but harmful PEDs (Performance-Enhancing Drugs).
Instead, we develop a next-generation category of performance-enhancing biotech that combines the best of both approaches, without the limitations of either.
THE FIRST HUMAN CLINICALLY VALIDATED BIOPHARMA TO SAFELY AND PROFOUNDLY ENHANCE HUMAN PERFORMANCE AT THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR LEVEL ///////////
UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD TRI-VITAMIN COMPLEX SLOWED BRAIN GREY MATTER ATROPHY BY 30% - 86%.
HEADLINE DATA . //////////
Greater Exercise Capacity
80%
Das, Abhirup et al. Harvard Medical School.
Testosterone Elevation
30%
Wei Li, Texas Tech University
Muscle Growth
346%
Ebert, Scott M et al. University of IOWA
2.0KG
Muscle Gain
Isenmann, Eduard et al. German Sport University Cologne
002 
COMMITTED TO REAL SCIENCE,
NOT PSEUDOSCIENCE.
At our core, we stand against pseudoscience. For over 15 years, we have pioneered meaningful scientific discoveries in aging and performance by conducting rigorous preclinical research through to full human clinical trials.
Our commitment to the clinical validation of new biotechnology sets us apart from other dietary supplement companies that rely on marketing existing nutritional products with unsubstantiated claims.
11+
Patents
Proprietary Technology Unavailable elsewhere
11+
Human Clinical Trials
Completed and ongoing clinical trials involving over 1000 participants
15+
Years of Research
In Collaboration with Leading Institutions and Scientists.
500+
Pre Clinical Studies
Scientists have extensively explored the effectiveness of Futures Compounds
////////////DISCOVER OUR RESEARCH
003WE ARE HARNESSING THE BIOLOGY OF HUMAN AGING TO DEVELOP RADICAL NEW TECHNOLOGIES HUMAN ENHANCEMENT.
Traditionally, pharmaceuticals have exclusively targeted the treatment of dysfunction. However, if you are an adult, you are already in decline—the effects of aging, such as loss of muscle mass and slowed metabolism, have already begun.
At Future, our research doesn’t merely aim to enhance performance at the symptom level. Instead, we pioneer the new field of human enhancement by identifying and targeting the root causes of aging at the most effective molecular and cellular levels.
WELCOME TO THE FUTURE
////////////
WELCOME TO THE FUTURE ////////////
004
WHY TACKLE AGING
TO ENHANCE PERFORMANCE?
Because despite seemingly opposite goals, the two are inextricably connected. Medicine almost exclusively begins by saving people from falling below the norm, but the same tools and knowledge can be used to surpass the norm.
By understanding and reverse-engineering the mechanisms underlying the root causes of the body’s decline, we gain the knowledge to elevate its counterpart: performance elevation—not as a vague and disjointed goal, but with fundamental precision and efficacy.
AGING
>>>
AGING >>>
ENHANCEMENT
<<<
ENHANCEMENT <<<
DECLINE VS ENHACEMENT
005
Because we believe that recent scientific advancements in the field of aging research have resulted in new developments that have fundamentally redefined our ability to decode performance.
Landmark scientific discoveries in the past 20 years—from the decoding of the human genome to the identification of the sub-cellular causes of aging—have shifted science from the tacit acceptance of human performance as being an immovable static to one that is highly adaptable, redefining every aspect of our ability to elevate it.
WHY NOW?
THE SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS TO BEAT AGING AND REDEFINE THE LIMITS OF HUMAN PERFORMANCE HAS ARRIVED ///////////
//‘Today we are learning the language in which God created life’’
Former US President Bill Clinton.
HUMAN GENOME PROJECT CRACKS THE GENETIC CODE OF LIFE AFTER 32 YEARS AND $3BILLION ///////////
006THE WORLD’S FIRST STUDY PROVING THAT AGING CAN BE BIOLOGICALLY HACKED
Until recently, immortality was considered pure fantasy.
In what has now become one of the defining studies in anti-aging, research conducted at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) proved that the rate of aging can, in fact, be biologically manipulated. By upregulating the daf-2 gene in animals, researchers not only doubled their lifespan, but the animals also appeared younger and healthier.
Crucially, the daf-2 pathways are "evolutionarily conserved," meaning they are also present in—and can be targeted in—humans.
CHECK OUT (UCSF) PAPER IN NATURE TITLED:
“ Mutant That Lives Twice As Long .”
IMMORTALITY BREAKS NO LAW OF SCIENCE
It already exists in one species Turritopsis dohrnii - the ‘immortal Jellyfish’
007FOR THE FIRST TIME IN HISTORY, WE POSESS THE BIOTECHNOLOGIES TO EXCEED ALL NORMAL HUMAN LIMITS. ///////////
HARNESSING EXPONENTIAL TECHNOLOGY TO DEVELOP EXTRAORDINARY BIOPHARMA.
While human aspiration for anti-aging has always been high— holy grails to elixirs of life—it has not been matched by the technological capabilities required for its realization.
At Future, we operate at the convergence of radical technological and scientific breakthroughs that have revolutionized our ability to identify the genetic pathways that control our biology and target with a new generation of enhanced biomolecules.
THE R&D JOURNEY ///////////
1.GENETICS & GENOMICS
Decoding the genetic basis behind human performance and identifying master molecular targets.
2.BIO-
TECHNOLOGY
Engineering patented molecules at the atomic level to activate molecular targets with greater potency.
3. NANO-
TECHNOLOGY
Encapsulating bioactive compounds to protect from digestive degradation and deliver direct to target cells.
4. ARTIFICAL
INTELLIGENCE
Accelerating the rate of drug discovery by modeling complex biological systems and predicting compound efficacy.
DISCOVER FUTURES TECH
008IF YOU THINK THIS ALL SOUNDS IMPOSSIBLE—THE STUFF OF SCIENCE FICTION—
THEN THINK AGAIN
In the past few years, scientists have made major advances in delaying aging and enhancing performance in animals. They’ve increased lifespans by 45-65%, elevated endurance by 80%, and boosted muscle growth by 30%—all with a new generation of safe and legal biomolecules.
THE TIME TO REPLICATE THIS SUCCESS IN HUMANS IS NOW.
-
MOLECULE: MIB-626
MOLECULAR TARGET - SIRT 1-7
CELLULAR PROCESS: Mitochondrial Biogenesis
CLINICAL DATA: 80%
STUDY: “Impairment of an Endothelial NAD+-H2S Signaling Network Is a Reversible Cause of Vascular Aging.” Cell vol. 173,1 (2018): 74-89.e20. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.02.008
Animals showed between 56 and 80 percent greater exercise capacity, compared with untreated mice the study showed. The NMN-treated animals managed to run 430 meters, or about 1,400 feet, on average, compared with 240 meters, or 780 feet, on average, for their untreated peers
-
MOLECULE: URSOLIC ACID
MOLECULAR TARGET: ATF4
CELLULAR PROCESS: MUSCLE SYNTHESIS
HEADLINE DATA: 30% MUSCLE GROWTH
STUDY: Identification and Small Molecule Inhibition of an Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4)-dependent Pathway to Age-related Skeletal Muscle Weakness and Atrophy
Ebert SM, Dyle MC, Bullard SA, Dierdorff JM, Murry DJ, Fox DK, Bongers KS, Lira VA, Meyerholz DK, Talley JJ, Adams CM. Identification and Small Molecule Inhibition of an Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4)-dependent Pathway to Age-related Skeletal Muscle Weakness and Atrophy. J Biol Chem. 2015 Oct 16;290(42):25497-511. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.681445. Epub 2015 Sep 3. PMID: 26338703; PMCID: PMC4646196.
-
MOLECULE: FOLLISTATIN ANALOGUE FST-DHBS
MOLECULAR TARGET: MYOSTATIN
CELLULAR PROCESS: MUSCLE DEGRADATION
HEADLINE DATA: 19% MUSCLE GROWTH IN 7 DAYS
STUDY:
Lodberg A, van der Eerden BCJ, Boers-Sijmons B, Thomsen JS, Brüel A, van Leeuwen JPTM, Eijken M. A follistatin-based molecule increases muscle and bone mass without affecting the red blood cell count in mice. FASEB J. 2019 May;33(5):6001-6010. doi: 10.1096/fj.201801969RR. Epub 2019 Feb 13. PMID: 30759349.
-
MOLECULE: Hericerin
MOLECULAR TARGET: BDNF
CELLULAR PROCESS: NEUROGENISIS
HEADLINE DATA: 60.6% NEURON GROWTH
STUDY: Hericerin derivatives from Hericium erinaceus exert BDNF-like neurotrophic activity in central hippocampal neurons and enhance memory
bioRxiv 2020.08.28.271676; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.28.271676
009MICE ARE NOT HUMANS
ENHANCED HUMANS ARE NO LONGER SCIENCE FICTION
BREAKTHROUGH MOLECULES AND SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES
The dietary supplement industry exclusively relies on in-vitro or animal studies, which,
while providing valuable insights, fail to test real-world human efficacy.
We are one of the first performance enhancement companies to conduct full human clinical validation of our nutraceuticals, working with world leading universities under the strictest pharmaceutical standards—the only route to developing truly effective products for human enhancement.
-
![]()
An anti-aging pill on the horizon
-
![]()
Nobel Prize-winning C60 Molecule Could Be The Best Thing For Anti-Aging
-
![]()
MIT Discovers -SAMTOR>mTOR Pathway: The Master Switch for Muscle Growth
-
![]()
Harvard Study restores blood vessel growth, muscle vitality, boosts exercise endurance by 80%
-
![]()
NASA Mars Mission 20% Age Reversal NMN Pill Breakthrough
010STUDIED IN THE LAB, CLINICALLY VALIDATED IN HUMANS
/////////// WORKING WITH THE WORLDS ELITE HUMAN ENHANCEMENT PROGRAMS.
-
U.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM)—which develops and employs Special Operations Forces worldwide to advance U.S. policies and objectives—has “completed preclinical safety and dosing studies in anticipation of follow-on performance testing” of a first-in-class nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized state (NAD+) enhancer, a small molecule drug being developed by Metro International Biotech (MetroBiotech).
“In preclinical studies and clinical trials the resulting benefits include improved human performance, such as increased endurance and faster recovery from injury,”
MOLECULE: NAD+
MOLECULAR TARGET: AMPK
CELLULAR PROCESS: ENERGY METABOLISM
HEADLINE DATA: 1230.5% AMPK ACTIVITY
STUDY:Kawakami S, Fukuzawa Y, Ichikawa H, Sato T, Ide T, Maeda Y, Yamamoto T. NMN “Nicotinamide Mononucleotide” Activates Intracellular Energy and Approaches the Prevention and Improvement of Aging. J Biomed Res Environ Sci. 2022 May 21; 3(5): 560-565. doi: 10.37871/jbres1480, Article ID: JBRES1480,
The leading edge of human augmentation technology lies within cutting-edge institutional research programs.
Future Pharma's scientific advisory board extracts breakthroughs from world-renowned laboratories, including Harvard Medical School, Oxford University, NASA, WADA, and the U.S. military’s DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency), translating next-gen discoveries into real-world products.
-
![]()
Secretive DARPA military experiment D-BHB elevates performance by 15% helping Vittoria Bussi break 1 Hour cycling world record
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency {DARPA} develops D-BHB metabolic superfuel to create super endurance athletes and assists Vittoria Bussi in breaking the 1-hour cycling world record.
MOLECULE: D-Β-HYDROXYBUTYRATE
MOLECULAR TARGET: GDF15
CELLULAR PROCESS: MITOCHONDRIAL METABOLISM
HEADLINE DATA: 15% improved mean power output
STUDY: McCarthy DG, Bostad W, Powley FJ, Little JP, Richards DL, Gibala MJ. Increased cardiorespiratory stress during submaximal cycling after ketone monoester ingestion in endurance-trained adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2021 Aug;46(8):986-993. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0999. Epub 2021 Mar 1. PMID: 33646860. -
![]()
DARPA [Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency] trials GSK's experimental 516 'exercise in a pill' that boosts endurance by 70%.
MOLECULE: GW501516
MOLECULAR TARGET: PPAR
CELLULAR PROCESS: FATTY ACID METABOLISM
HEADLINE DATA: 70% GREATER EXERCISE CAPACITY
STUDY:
Fan W, Waizenegger W, Lin CS, Sorrentino V, He MX, Wall CE, Li H, Liddle C, Yu RT, Atkins AR, Auwerx J, Downes M, Evans RM. PPARδ Promotes Running Endurance by Preserving Glucose. Cell Metab. 2017 May 2;25(5):1186-1193.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.006. PMID: 28467934; PMCID: PMC5492977. -
![]()
20E natural anabolic delivers 2KG Muscle Gain and 19.4% 1 Rep Max gain in WADA study at German Sports University
MOLECULE: 20E
MOLECULAR TARGET; mTOR
CELLULAR PROCESS: MUSCLE PROTEIN SYNTHEIS [X120%]
HEADLINE RESULT: 2KG MUSCLE GROWTH
STUDY:
Isenmann E, Ambrosio G, Joseph JF, Mazzarino M, de la Torre X, Zimmer P, Kazlauskas R, Goebel C, Botrè F, Diel P, Parr MK. Ecdysteroids as non-conventional anabolic agent: performance enhancement by ecdysterone supplementation in humans. Arch Toxicol. 2019 Jul;93(7):1807-1816. doi: 10.1007/s00204-019-02490-x. Epub 2019 May 23. PMID: 31123801. -
![]()
NASA trials NR+ anti aging compound that elevates cellular repair by 200% to enable interstelar travel
MOLECULE: NMN
MOLECULAR TARGET: P53
CELLULAR PROCESS; AUTOPHAGY CELL REGENERATION
HEADLINE DATA:: 20% AGE REVERSAL [ANIMAL STUDY]STUDY:Gu Y, Gao L, He J, Luo M, Hu M, Lin Y, Li J, Hou T, Si J, Yu Y. β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation prolongs the lifespan of prematurely aged mice and protects colon function in ageing mice. Food Funct. 2024 Mar 6. doi: 10.1039/d3fo05221d. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38445897.
STUDY:
Li J, Bonkowski MS, Moniot S, Zhang D, Hubbard BP, Ling AJ, Rajman LA, Qin B, Lou Z, Gorbunova V, Aravind L, Steegborn C, Sinclair DA. A conserved NAD+ binding pocket that regulates protein-protein interactions during aging. Science. 2017 Mar 24;355(6331):1312-1317. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8242. PMID: 28336669; PMCID: PMC5456119. -
![]()
urolithin a Regenerates Mitochondria with 12% muscle strength ,17% endurance at Swiss Laboratory of Systems Physiology
MOLECULE: UROLITHIN A
MOLECULAR TARGET: PGC1a
CELLULAR PROCESS: MITOCHONDRIAL BIOGENSIS
HEADLINE DATA: 12% GREATER MUSCLE STRENGTH. 17% MUSCLE ENDURANCE.
STUDY:
Singh A, D'Amico D, Andreux PA, Fouassier AM, Blanco-Bose W, Evans M, Aebischer P, Auwerx J, Rinsch C. Urolithin A improves muscle strength, exercise performance, and biomarkers of mitochondrial health in a randomized trial in middle-aged adults. Cell Rep Med. 2022 May 17;3(5):100633. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100633. PMID: 35584623; PMCID: PMC9133463.re -
![]()
Withaferin-A naturally amplifies bodies own production of testosterone by 40% at Maharaj Medical University
MOLECULE: WITHANIA STEROIDAL LACTONES
MOLECULAR TARGET: CYP19
CELLULAR PROCESS: AROMATASE INHIBITION
HEADLINE DATA: 40% GREATER TESTOSTERONE
STUDY:
Ahmad MK, Mahdi AA, Shukla KK, Islam N, Rajender S, Madhukar D, Shankhwar SN, Ahmad S. Withania somnifera improves semen quality by regulating reproductive hormone levels and oxidative stress in seminal plasma of infertile males. Fertil Steril. 2010 Aug;94(3):989-96. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.04.046. Epub 2009 Jun 6. PMID: 19501822. -
![]()
(-)-epi Myostatin inhibitor activates 7% increase in strength in just seven days of supplementation at Medicine del Instituto
MOLECULE: (-)-epi
MOLECULAR TARGET: Myostatin
CELLULAR PROCESS: ANTI CATABOLIC HEADLINE DATA: 7% GROWTH IN 7 DAYSSTUDY; Effects of (−)-epicatechin on molecular modulators of skeletal muscle growth and differentiation
Gutierrez-Salmean G, Ciaraldi TP, Nogueira L, Barboza J, Taub PR, Hogan MC, Henry RR, Meaney E, Villarreal F, Ceballos G, Ramirez-Sanchez I. Effects of (-)-epicatechin on molecular modulators of skeletal muscle growth and differentiation. J Nutr Biochem. 2014 Jan;25(1):91-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.09.007. Epub 2013 Oct 18. PMID: 24314870; PMCID: PMC3857584.
011-
THE ULTIMATE ANABOLIC. SAFE, LEGAL AND OUTPERFORMS TRADITIONAL ANABOLICS.
Research from German Sport University Cologne with WADA confirms natural 20E as exhibiting potent anabolic effect.MOLECULE:
(+)-20-Hydroxyecdysone: A natural steroid-like molecule that mimics the effects of testosterone by targeting the mTOR molecular pathway.image 20e
TARGETSMOLECULAR TARGET: mTOR. X3 - X5 fold greater activation.
CELLULAR PROCESS: x200% greater protein synthesis in type1 and 2 fibres.
Effects of Ecdysterone vs Control on soleus muscle fibre size. B- Effects of Ecdysterone (E) vs Control (K) on the size of different muscle fibre types (I, II, IIa, IIb) of the soleus. (Parr et al., 2014)
STUDY:
Researchers divided 46 young men into four groups. Three groups trained with weights during the 10-week trial. One group took a placebo [PL], while the other two groups used a supplement containing ecdysteroneA group of men who exercised the recommended dose of 2 capsules of Peak Ecdysone per day [Ec1], which amounts to 12 milligrams of ecdysterone per day. The men who did not train also took this dose. Another group of physically active men took 8 capsules of Peak Ecdysone [Ec2] daily. That amounts to 48 milligrams ecdysterone per day.
RESULTS:
German biochemists associated with WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency) recorded 2kg of muscle growth and a 19.4% strength gain. They observed that (+)-20-Hydroxyecdysone has an anabolic effect comparable to DHT, the potent androgenic metabolite of testosterone, while exhibiting zero androgenic side effects and remaining 100% legal.
image delta muscleRESEARCH:
Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne.Isenmann, Eduard et al. “Ecdysteroids as non-conventional anabolic agent: performance enhancement by ecdysterone supplementation in humans.”
Gorelick-Feldman J, Cohick W, Raskin IEcdysteroids elicit a rapid Ca2+ flux leading to Akt activation and increased protein synthesis in skeletal muscle cellsSteroids.(2010 Oct)
Gorelick-Feldman J, Maclean D, Ilic N, Poulev A, Lila MA, Cheng D, Raskin IPhytoecdysteroids increase protein synthesis in skeletal muscle cellsJ Agric Food Chem.(2008 May 28) -
Recent studies on Urolithin A have revealed promising results for muscle performance, particularly in older adults. In human clinical trials, Urolithin A supplementation, specifically with the proprietary form Mitopure, demonstrated significant benefits:
Muscle Strength: After four months of supplementation, participants experienced a 12% increase in muscle strength.
Muscle Endurance: The study also showed an improvement in muscle endurance by 17%, achieved in just eight weeks.
These effects are primarily attributed to Urolithin A's ability to trigger mitochondrial mitophagy, a process that enhances mitochondrial health by clearing out damaged mitochondria and promoting the creation of new ones. This cellular recycling process plays a critical role in improving overall muscle function, energy production, and endurance.
By improving mitochondrial function, Urolithin A enables the body to perform better during physical activity, even without changes in exercise routines, and offers a pathway to mitigating age-related muscle decline.
Singh A, D'Amico D, Andreux PA, Fouassier AM, Blanco-Bose W, Evans M, Aebischer P, Auwerx J, Rinsch C. Urolithin A improves muscle strength, exercise performance, and biomarkers of mitochondrial health in a randomized trial in middle-aged adults. Cell Rep Med. 2022 May 17;3(5):100633. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100633. PMID: 35584623; PMCID: PMC9133463.
Liu S, D'Amico D, Shankland E, Bhayana S, Garcia JM, Aebischer P, Rinsch C, Singh A, Marcinek DJ. Effect of Urolithin A Supplementation on Muscle Endurance and Mitochondrial Health in Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Jan 4;5(1):e2144279. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.44279. PMID: 35050355; PMCID: PMC8777576.
-
Recent research highlights Ursolic Acid's potent anabolic effects. Human trials have shown that supplementation with Ursolic Acid leads to significant muscle hypertrophy, with up to 30% muscle mass increase and reduced fat mass. These results are achieved through Ursolic Acid’s ability to upregulate IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor-1), a key signaling molecule for muscle growth and regeneration, while also enhancing other factors like irisin and reducing markers of atrophy.
Further studies conducted by teams at Inje University in Korea and University of Iowa confirm these findings, demonstrating Ursolic Acid's dual role in improving body composition by building muscle while reducing fat mass—making it a promising agent for body recomposition efforts(
)(
).
Bang HS, Seo DY, Chung YM, Oh KM, Park JJ, Arturo F, Jeong SH, Kim N, Han J. Ursolic Acid-induced elevation of serum irisin augments muscle strength during resistance training in men. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014 Oct;18(5):441-6. doi: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.5.441. Epub 2014 Oct 17. Erratum in: Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014 Dec;18(6):531. doi: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.6.531. PMID: 25352765; PMCID: PMC421112Ebert SM, Dyle MC, Bullard SA, Dierdorff JM, Murry DJ, Fox DK, Bongers KS, Lira VA, Meyerholz DK, Talley JJ, Adams CM. Identification and Small Molecule Inhibition of an Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4)-dependent Pathway to Age-related Skeletal Muscle Weakness and Atrophy. J Biol Chem. 2015 Oct 16;290(42):25497-511. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.681445. Epub 2015 Sep 3. PMID: 26338703; PMCID: PMC4646196.
-
Ahmad MK, Mahdi AA, Shukla KK, Islam N, Rajender S, Madhukar D, Shankhwar SN, Ahmad S. Withania somnifera improves semen quality by regulating reproductive hormone levels and oxidative stress in seminal plasma of infertile males. Fertil Steril. 2010 Aug;94(3):989-96. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.04.046. Epub 2009 Jun 6. PMID: 19501822.
-
Huang WC, Hsu YJ, Li H, Kan NW, Chen YM, Lin JS, Hsu TK, Tsai TY, Chiu YS, Huang CC. Effect of Lactobacillus Plantarum TWK10 on Improving Endurance Performance in Humans. Chin J Physiol. 2018 Jun;61(3):163-170. doi: 10.4077/CJP.2018.BAH587. PMID: 2996217
-
Mero AA, Ojala T, Hulmi JJ, Puurtinen R, Karila TA, Seppälä T. Effects of alfa-hydroxy-isocaproic acid on body composition, DOMS and performance in athletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2010 Jan 5;7:1. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-7-1. PMID: 20051111; PMCID: PMC2818616.
Wilkinson DJ, et al. Effects of Leucine and its metabolite, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on human skeletal muscle protein metabolism.
-
Liao B, Zhao Y, Wang D, Zhang X, Hao X, Hu M. Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation enhances aerobic capacity in amateur runners: a randomized, double-blind study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021 Jul 8;18(1):54. doi: 10.1186/s12970-021-00442-4. PMID: 34238308; PMCID: PMC8265078.
-
MOLECULE: GW501516 (Cardarine)
Molecular Target: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ)
Cellular Process: Activation of PPARδ enhances fatty acid oxidation, increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, and promotes the formation of type I muscle fibers. This leads to improved endurance, reduced fat storage, and a muscle fiber composition favorable for stamina.
Headline Results: GW501516 has been shown to increase endurance performance by up to 68%, reduce fat mass by approximately 10%, and promote muscle fiber transformation, effectively mimicking the effects of exercise.
Research:
Developed by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, GW501516 gained attention for its ability to activate PPARδ. In animal studies, mice treated with GW501516 experienced a 68% increase in endurance, running significantly longer than control groups 1. Additionally, treated subjects showed a 10% reduction in fat mass due to enhanced fatty acid metabolism 2. The compound also influenced muscle composition by increasing the proportion of oxidative (type I) muscle fibers, which are more efficient for endurance activities 333. However, long-term studies raised safety concerns after rodents developed cancers in several organs at high dosages 4. Consequently, GSK discontinued its development, and GW501516 was added to the World Anti-Doping Agency's prohibited list. While the compound demonstrates remarkable potential in metabolic enhancement, its adverse effects have limited its clinical application.
References:
1. Narkar, V. A., Downes, M., Yu, R. T., Embler, E., Wang, Y. X., Banayo, E., ... & Evans, R. M. (2008). AMPK and PPARδ agonists are exercise mimetics. Cell, 134(3), 405-415.
2. Oliver Jr, W. R., Shenk, J. L., Snaith, M. R., Russell, C. S., Plunket, K. D., Bodkin, N. L., ... & Willson, T. M. (2001). A selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ agonist promotes reverse cholesterol transport. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(9), 5306-5311.
3. Wang, Y. X., Zhang, C. L., Yu, R. T., Cho, H. K., Nelson, M. C., Bayuga-Ocampo, C. R., ... & Evans, R. M. (2004). Regulation of muscle fiber type and running endurance by PPARδ. PLoS Biology, 2(10), e294.
4. WADA. (2013). WADA warns against the use of GW501516. Retrieved from https://www.wada-ama.org/en/media/news/2013-03/wada-warns-against-the-use-of-gw501516
Fan W, Waizenegger W, Lin CS, Sorrentino V, He MX, Wall CE, Li H, Liddle C, Yu RT, Atkins AR, Auwerx J, Downes M, Evans RM. PPARδ Promotes Running Endurance by Preserving Glucose. Cell Metab. 2017 May 2;25(5):1186-1193.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.006. PMID: 28467934; PMCID: PMC5492977.
-
Takahashi K, Yamanaka S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell. 2006 Aug 25;126(4):663-76. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.024. Epub 2006 Aug 10. PMID: 16904174.
-
Martínez-Mármol R, Chai Y, Conroy JN, Khan Z, Hong SM, Kim SB, Gormal RS, Lee DH, Lee JK, Coulson EJ, Lee MK, Kim SY, Meunier FA. Hericerin derivatives activates a pan-neurotrophic pathway in central hippocampal neurons converging to ERK1/2 signaling enhancing spatial memory. J Neurochem. 2023 Jun;165(6):791-808. doi: 10.1111/jnc.15767. Epub 2023 Jan 31. PMID: 36660878; PMCID: PMC10952766.
-
Arthur ST, Zwetsloot KA, Lawrence MM, Nieman DC, Lila MA, Grace MH, Howden R, Cooley ID, Tkach JF, Keith MD, Demick JL, Blanton SE, Greiner RS, Bradley AM, Davenport ME, Badmaev V, Shanely RA. Ajuga turkestanica increases Notch and Wnt signaling in aged skeletal muscle. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014;18(17):2584-92. PMID: 25268108.
-
Kijima I, Phung S, Hur G, Kwok SL, Chen S. Grape seed extract is an aromatase inhibitor and a suppressor of aromatase expression. Cancer Res. 2006 Jun 1;66(11):5960-7. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-0053. PMID: 16740737.
-
Rascón B, Hubbard BP, Sinclair DA, Amdam GV. The lifespan extension effects of resveratrol are conserved in the honey bee and may be driven by a mechanism related to caloric restriction. Aging (Albany NY). 2012 Jul;4(7):499-508. doi: 10.18632/aging.100474. PMID: 22868943; PMCID: PMC3433935.
-
Li W, Pandey AK, Yin X, Chen JJ, Stocco DM, Grammas P, Wang X. Effects of apigenin on steroidogenesis and steroidogenic acute regulatory gene expression in mouse Leydig cells. J Nutr Biochem. 2011 Mar;22(3):212-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.01.004. PMID: 20537519; PMCID: PMC2939222.
-
Yeh TS, Chuang HL, Huang WC, Chen YM, Huang CC, Hsu MC. Astragalus membranaceus improves exercise performance and ameliorates exercise-induced fatigue in trained mice. Molecules. 2014 Mar 3;19(3):2793-807. doi: 10.3390/molecules19032793. PMID: 24595275; PMCID: PMC6271379.
-
Tsoukalas D, Fragkiadaki P, Docea AO, Alegakis AK, Sarandi E, Thanasoula M, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A, Razgonova MP, Calina D. Discovery of potent telomerase activators: Unfolding new therapeutic and anti-aging perspectives. Mol Med Rep. 2019 Oct;20(4):3701-3708. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10614. Epub 2019 Aug 23. PMID: 31485647; PMCID: PMC6755196.
AT FUTURE PHARMACEUTICALS WE’VE DEVELOPED A NEW GENERATION HUMAN AUGMENTATION BIOMOLECULES VALIDATED IN HUMAN CLINICAL TRIALS.
HUMAN CLINICAL TRIAL PIPELINE ////////////
PRE CLINICAL RESEARCH ////////////
Our current product pipeline includes preclinical and clinical trials for musculoskeletal , metabolism, aging, aerobic endurance, and neuronal cognition.
As you can see from the studies outlined below, there’s a lot happening behind the scenes at Future—
and a lot to look forward to.